An overbite is a common dental problem, or more accurately, a developmental disorder, in which the upper teeth fall too far over the lower teeth. In addition to aesthetic concerns, a significant overbite can also lead to problems with biting, chewing, speaking and even mouth breathing. There are effective treatments to correct an overbite, with braces (orthodontics) and surgical jaw correction (orthognathic surgery) being the main, scientifically proven methods
What is an overbite?
In a normal situation, the upper teeth are between 2 and 4 mm in front of the lower teeth. An increase in this distance indicates an overbite. With an overbite, the front teeth do not make contact with each other, which can cause functional problems such as reduced biting and chewing ability. Aesthetically, a large overbite can also be considered less attractive. Due to the lack of contact between the upper and lower teeth, the teeth can gradually grow out. This ultimately results in a deep bite. An overbite can cause the lower teeth to grow to the point where they touch the roof of the mouth and damage the gums during chewing, a situation known as a traumatic palatal bite.
When is an overbite developed?
An overbite can become visible at any age. An overbite usually develops during puberty, a period in which the teeth and jaws undergo accelerated growth (growth spurt). In the majority of cases, an overbite is genetically determined and is therefore hereditary. The main cause is underdevelopment of the lower jaw (skeletal dysgnathia). This means that the lower jaw does not grow forward sufficiently, resulting in a recessed position of the lower jaw. This not only leads to an overbite, but often also to a reduced jawline and a less prominent chin. Research shows that approximately 70% of the Dutch population has an overbite to some extent. In addition, bad habits such as thumb sucking, excessive pacifier use, open mouth behavior and tongue pressing can also contribute to the development of an overbite due to functional causes.
When and how do you treat an overbite?
Treatment for an overbite usually begins just before the pubertal growth spurt, between the ages of 10 and 14, usually slightly earlier in girls than in boys. In cases where the overbite is not too large and the jaws are still growing, braces treatment is often the first step in the treatment of an overbite. Different types of braces can be used to gradually move teeth and molars to correct the overbite. More and more use is being made of transparent braces (aligners) and small screws and brackets in the jaw (bone anchoring). In the case of underdevelopment of the lower jaw (skeletal dysgnathia), a significant overbite, or in situations where treatment after the growth spurt is necessary, orthognathic surgery, a form of jaw correction, offers the most reliable solution.
Orthognathic Surgery
When orthodontics are insufficient to correct a severe overbite, orthognathic surgery (surgical jaw correction) may be necessary. The most common procedure in orthognathic surgery to correct an overbite is the Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO). During this procedure, performed under anesthesia, the lower jaw is opened on both sides, just behind the last molars. The tooth-bearing part of the lower jaw and the chin are then moved forward. This jaw relocation corrects the overbite to achieve better function and aesthetics. Because the lower jaw is approached from the inside of the cheek, this procedure does not leave any visible scars.
The surgery process
Orthognathic surgery is performed after growth has stopped, often in the late teens or early adulthood. Before the operation, orthodontic treatment is used to align the teeth and molars in the dental arches. With advanced 3D virtual surgery planning we calculate the optimal jaw position and bite. We then perform surgical jaw correction (BSSO) under anesthesia to correct the overbite. After surgery, there is a recovery phase, followed by additional orthodontic treatment to further refine tooth position and bite.
The result
The combination of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery can correct an overbite in an effective and predictable manner and provides significant improvements in both the function and aesthetics of the teeth and face. Patients usually experience a significant improvement in their bite, chewing function and self-confidence. Thanks to the collaboration between our experienced MKA surgeons and orthodontists, supported by modern 3D imaging and surgical planning, the risks are low.
Finally
An overbite is a common problem with both aesthetic and functional consequences. Thanks to modern orthodontic and surgical solutions, an overbite can be effectively treated, resulting in a healthier mouth, a more beautiful smile, and an improved facial profile. Although the idea of oral surgery can be daunting, the use of advanced technologies and techniques makes treatment possible in a predictable manner. If you or your child has an overbite, first contact an orthodontist to discuss the best treatment strategy. If necessary, you can be referred to us for a consultation and possible treatment.
Comentários